synchronized + MONITOR
两个线程都在同一个 MONITOR 上等待和唤醒。如果只要求两个线程轮流打印,则只需调用 MONITOR.notify(); 唤醒另一个线程。
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public class Main {
public static final Object MONITOR = new Object();
public static volatile int count = 0;
private static final Runnable task = () -> {
String name = Thread.currentThread().getName();
while (true) {
synchronized (MONITOR) {
// 本线程退出时要唤醒另一个线程
// 否则另一个线程等不到唤醒且阻塞无法退出
if (count > 100) {
MONITOR.notify();
return;
}
System.out.println(name + ": " + count++);
MONITOR.notify();
try {
MONITOR.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
};
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(task, "奇数线程").start();
new Thread(task, "偶数线程").start();
}
}
运行效果:
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奇数线程: 0
偶数线程: 1
奇数线程: 2
偶数线程: 3
.....
奇数线程: 98
偶数线程: 99
奇数线程: 100
Process finished with exit code 0
Flag + while
此方法没有使用同步,而是使用两个 volatile 修饰的布尔值作为信号量。
执行流程:
- 启动时 Odd线程 和 Even线程 都直接开始忙循环,等待 Main线程 发出信号;
- Main线程 修改信号通知两个子线程,让其一离开忙循环。示例让 Odd线程 离开循环先起步;
- Odd线程 离开循环输出结果,修改信号量通知 Even线程 离开循环,自己开始忙循环;
- Even线程 离开循环输出结果,修改信号量通知 Odd线程 离开循环,自己开始忙循环;
- 两个线程交替执行直到结束;
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public class Main {
// 两个线程启动后都会进入循环,都需要使用volatile修饰
private static volatile boolean loopForOdd = true;
private static volatile boolean loopForEven = true;
private static volatile int counter = 1;
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Odd线程,即奇数线程
new Thread(() -> {
while (counter < 100) {
while (loopForOdd) Thread.onSpinWait();
System.out.println("奇数线程:" + counter++);
loopForEven = false;
loopForOdd = true;
}
}).start();
// Even线程,即偶数线程
new Thread(() -> {
while (counter < 100) {
while (loopForEven) Thread.onSpinWait();
System.out.println("偶数线程:" + counter++);
loopForOdd = false;
loopForEven = true;
}
}).start();
// 先启动奇数线程
loopForOdd = false;
}
}
运行效果:
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奇数线程: 0
偶数线程: 1
奇数线程: 2
偶数线程: 3
.....
奇数线程: 98
偶数线程: 99
奇数线程: 100
Process finished with exit code 0
ReentrantLock + Condition
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public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread t1 = new Thread(new Task(0));
Thread t2 = new Thread(new Task(1));
t1.start();
t2.start();
t1.join();
t2.join();
}
}
class Task implements Runnable {
private static final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private static final Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
private static volatile int count = 0;
private final int taskName;
public Task(int taskName) {
this.taskName = taskName;
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
lock.lock();
if (count > 100) {
lock.unlock();
break;
}
if (count % 2 == taskName) {
System.out.println(taskName + ": " + (count++));
} else {
try {
condition.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
condition.signal();
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
运行效果:
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0: 0
1: 1
0: 2
1: 3
....
0: 98
1: 99
0: 100
Process finished with exit code 0