开始安装
添加PPA，过程中回车确认询问的信息
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sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
依次执行以下命令更新下载源
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sudo apt update
检查可用驱动
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ubuntu-drivers devices
根据下列结果，可见 nvidia-driver-430 为推荐驱动安装版本
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== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00001C07sv00001462sd00008C99bc03sc02i00
vendor : NVIDIA Corporation
model : GP106 [P106-100]
driver : nvidia-driver-415 - third-party free
driver : nvidia-driver-430 - third-party free recommended
driver : nvidia-driver-410 - third-party free
driver : nvidia-driver-390 - distro non-free
driver : nvidia-driver-396 - third-party free
driver : nvidia-driver-418 - third-party free
driver : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin
直接安装最新驱动，安装完成后重启电脑
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sudo apt install nvidia-driver-430
重启后用命令 nvidia-smi 检查显卡是否被正常识别：显卡P106-100，显存6G，驱动430.26，CUDA10.2
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+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 430.26 Driver Version: 430.26 CUDA Version: 10.2 |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU Name Persistence-M| Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap| Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
| 0 P106-100 Off | 00000000:01:00.0 Off | N/A |
| 39% 40C P0 27W / 120W | 0MiB / 6080MiB | 4% Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: GPU Memory |
| GPU PID Type Process name Usage |
|=============================================================================|
| No running processes found |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
错误处理
如果安装 nvidia-driver-410 或以上版本提示 packages 无法安装，请执行以下步骤：
移除已添加的 PPA
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sudo apt-add-repository -r ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
更新 apt
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sudo apt update
移除 NVIDIA 显卡驱动文件
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sudo apt remove nvidia*
执行自动清理
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sudo apt autoremove
然后重新回到本文初步骤重新安装
参考链接
Unable to install nvidia drivers on Ubuntu 18.04
Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages